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     India and Africa- (p. 274)
 
 


- Horton speaks about the world of the first theory. This world is the invisible, hidden world. The hidden world is the part of the world that is concealed, while the real world is manifest to all. Both are parts of one world, therefore it is natural to draw, according to Horton, analogies to these two parts of the world, that are together one unity. This idea of Horton's is reminiscent of the 'dharma' in Hinduism. The 'dharma' is an eternal, universal, constant value that unites the divine with everything in existence. The dharma reveals 'individual divine providence' over the individual's deeds that takes into account the individual's behavior, as well as 'general-social providence' over the lives of the entire Hindu community. One should recall, the other theory I presented verges on a philosophy that holds of the existence of a transcendental being, a deity who has created everything, who influences and is not influenced, and an understanding of whom can be attempted through analogy between him and reality, futile as it may be. Primitive man, according to the approach that I am suggesting, does what his God requests of him. He does so in order to demonstrate loyalty to God's word and in order to adhere to his commands, and also to prove the purity of his intentions in turning to God and beseeching his help. Yet, the religious believer cannot forcibly influence the deity. The ultimate question, therefore is, what did primitive man think? Did he think he had the ability to manipulate his God, or did he recognize that he was dependent on his God's good favor, that his God had no obligation to help him, but that he would help as he saw fit. When a Roman commander offered a sacrifice before battle, he knew what God said to him, but he couldn't direct God's will. This approach is similar to one that I propose, but not to Horton's. Almost anecdotally, we mention Horton's overstatement when he suggests that primitive man came to an understanding of the revealed and hidden from his attempts to hurl a spear while he was concealed behind a shield. Horton, it seems, forgot, that primitive man had neither spear nor shield. Did Horton really suppose, that in a time before the totem pole, the beginning of religion, the beginning of primitive religious faith found man when he was throwing a spear and taking cover behind a shield.
 
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